The philosophy of Rozanov is part of the general Russian literary and philosophical circle, however, the peculiarities of his existence in this context distinguish his figure and allow us to speak of him as an atypical representative. Being at the center of the development of Russian social thought at the beginning of the 20th century, Rozanov conducted an active dialogue with many philosophers, writers, poets, critics. Many of his works were an ideological, meaningful reaction to individual judgments, thoughts, works of Berdyaev, V. S. Solovyov, Blok, Merezhkovsky and others and contained extensive criticism of these opinions from the standpoint of his own worldview. The problems that occupied Rozanov's thoughts are associated with moral and ethical, religious and ideological oppositions - metaphysics and Christianity, eroticism and metaphysics, Orthodoxy and nihilism, ethical nihilism and family apology. In each of them, Rozanov was looking for ways to remove contradictions, to such a scheme of their interactions, in which individual parts of the opposition become different manifestations of the same problems in human existence.