The monograph examines the problems of the development of spatial thinking, its role in various types of educational and labor activity of a person, analyzes the specifics of this type of thinking, its structure, and the conditions of formation in the learning process. The results of experimental studies of mechanisms for creating spatial images and their operation in the process of solving problems are presented, a classification of types of visibility, their functions in creating images, in mastering graphic activities is given. Particular attention is paid to age and individual differences in spatial thinking, revealing their nature, describing diagnostic methods for their identification and assessment.