The monograph systematically outlines the main achievements of scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on a wide range of economic problems. The work reflected various aspects of the formation of the modern institutional system of Belarus and authentic social relations, reflected the main features of the modern Belarusian economic school, conducted a scientific analysis of the socio-economic development of the republic, in particular, changes in the sectoral structure of the economy. The directions for the implementation of the new industrial policy, the formation of a national innovation system and geoeconomic strategy, as well as the participation of Belarus in various integration processes, etc. were determined. It is designed for managers and the general public interested in the formation of a highly efficient and competitive socio-economic model in Belarus, which will ensure the long-term sustainable development of the country.