The work reveals the class essence and ideological originality of the revolutionary democratic direction in the socio-political and philosophical thought of Belarus in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The worldview of K. Kalinovsky, F. Bogushevich, Y. Kupala, Y. Kolas is considered in terms of the unity of social, moral and aesthetic aspects. The socio-political program of the Belarusian revolutionary democrats is presented, which was based on the idea of ​ ​ the historical destiny of the working people and the tendencies of naive-equalizing peasant socialism, their moral and humanistic ideas and aesthetic views are analyzed.