The monograph by N. V. Chekanova is a fundamental scientific study devoted to one of the most important topics in the history of ancient Rome - the problem of the transition of the Roman state from the republic to the empire. A detailed analysis of the activities of the leaders who paved the way for the new imperial regime - Sulla, Julius Caesar, Octavian Augustus - the author successfully combines with the reconstruction of Roman public life in the era of the Civil Wars, the thoughts and feelings of various social groups, those spiritual values ​ ​ that the latter professed. Having carefully analyzed the evidence of a wide variety of ancient sources, as well as the hypotheses of his predecessors, N. V. Chekanova comes to the conclusion that the process of transition from the republic to the empire was not a revolution or some kind of "one-time" reform, but a deep and comprehensive sociocultural reformation of ancient Roman society. The book is addressed to both historians and everyone interested in ancient history.