The book of the famous American sociologist C. Mills (1915-1962) is published in Russia for the first time. His publications invariably caused a great public outcry. In this work, which has become classical, the author puts forward new ideas on the methodology for studying social processes, examines the connections and interdependence of the individual and society, analyzes the factors of distribution of power. Mills pays particular attention to the principles of intellectual creativity and quality that a sociologist needs for objective research. The book is still relevant today.