The monograph presents in the ethnolinguistic aspect the theory of idioethnic phraseology. Its purpose is a cognitive-semiotic description of the idioethnic markedness of the phraseological systems of the four Romance languages ​ ​ - French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian. The fundamental concept of this theory is the concept of a phraseological sign, developed on the basis of the synthesis of linguistic and cognitive concepts. Through the description of the cultural and national competence of the peoples of the Romanesque area, reflected in phraseological units, the phrase ology is connected to the anthropological paradigm of knowledge.