The collection publishes documents and materials on the history and ethnography of the peoples of the Southern Urals of the 19th - early 21st centuries, collected by employees of the Institute of Ethnological Research named after R.G. Kuzeev UFIC RAS. The reader will find in the book a lot of new material and spiritual culture of the Bashkirs, Russians, Chuvashs, Udmurts and Mordovians.