The book was written based on the results of archaeological excavations of the settlement of Sarazm, the new center of the ancient agricultural culture of the Central Asian interfluve. Excavations of Sarazm in 1977-1983. discovered the original early agricultural culture of Tajikistan in the second half of the 4th - first half of the 2nd millennium BC. Sarazm materials testify to the cultural contacts of the ancient farmers of Zeravshan of the pre-Sogdian period with the early agricultural oases of southwestern Central Asia and the countries of the Middle East.