The anthology is a collection of works reflecting one of the most complex, contradictory, but at the same time fruitful periods of Russian linguistics. It is compiled according to the chronological principle, which allows us to trace the history of linguistics in the USSR from 1917 to 1960. A whole layer of intellectual life is displayed here, for many it is probably unknown. The book is addressed to linguists, philosophers, historians of science and culture, just curious readers.