Published lectures by Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili - one of the courses on the history of philosophy, which were read in 1978-1980. Students of the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography. The author sets himself the task of telling about the history of philosophy as a history of reflections on the ultimate foundations of the relationship between man and the world. His focus is on the problem of being existing, arising in the space of ancient Greek thought. Revealing being as something becoming, the author traces in the reflections of Greek philosophers the fundamental principles underlying the foundations of the ancient, and, subsequently, the generally European ideal of thinking and understanding the world and man.