The book sets itself not only reference tasks; its purpose is to orient the reader in cultural research trends. For the first time in an encyclopedic publication, the task is to focus on the most controversial aspects of the fundamental problems of knowledge about culture and the most important concepts associated with them: the multiplicity and unity of cultures, the dialogue of culture, the idea of ​ ​ culture and everyday life, local cultures in the world of globalization, historical consciousness (and its metamorphoses).