The book expands on the experience of solving the logical problem of the philosophy of history through the gradual definition and clarification of the concepts of man, humanity and its "collective subjects." The experience is based on the consistent implementation of the idea of ​ ​ the four-dimensionality of history and its event "bodies." The advantage of the book is its dialogue character. The dialogue is conducted with leading representatives of philosophical and historical thought of the XIX-XX centuries. The interaction of the author's thought and the thoughts of his "opponents" leads to unexpected and valuable results, the most significant of which are the formation of an original vision and in many respects a new understanding of European intellectual history of the XVIII-XX centuries. The book is designed for specialists and a wide range of readers interested in the philosophy of history and the methodology of historical knowledge.