The textbook contains a brief history of the formation and development of the Khokhloma and Ural-Siberian types of painting, determines their genetic unity of origin and considers the general belonging to the brush painting system in the folk art crafts of Russia. The publication helps to orient the pedagogical thought on the systematic use of the heritage of folk decorative art and the construction of flexible educational programs in the field of art education on its basis. The above information will be a useful help in mastering the plastic-shaped language of paintwork, which acts as an organic link between realistic fine art and folk decorative and applied art.