The 19th century was full of deep contradictions. This is one of the greatest turning points for Russia: the reign of Alexander, the projects of M.M. Speransky, the Patriotic War of 1812, Arakcheevschina, the Decembrist movement, the "apogee of autocracy" under Nicholas I, the ideological struggle of the 30-40s., reforms of Alexander II and counter-reforms of Alexander III, the emergence of revolutionary situations, etc. The 20th century began with wars and revolutions.