Soil morphology is one of the fundamental branches of soil science, in a concentrated form reflecting the history of soil formation in the process of transformation of soils and their evolution from rocks. A detailed study of the morphological properties of soils provides the key to understanding the variety of soil characteristics, representing the most important stage in the study of soil genesis. The development of criteria for morphological diagnostics allows, on the basis of morphological descriptions of soils, to obtain primary detailed information on the structure and properties of soil profiles, on the basis of which various aspects of soil classification and systematics are developed. In fact, soil morphology is an informational and methodological basis for the development of classification and geographical directions in modern soil science, and the proposed textbook is essentially a unique, unparalleled reference and methodological manual for soil scientists and soil geographers.