The monograph is devoted to Ukrainian nonconformism in visual art - a cultural and political phenomenon that arose in the 20s of the XX century as a resistance to the totalitarian system and its cornerstone method in culture - socialist realism. The work introduces the reader to the worldview and philosophical foundations of nonconformism, the artistic and aesthetic strategies of artists, the formation of artistic trends and cells, and also outlines the chronological and territorial boundaries of this phenomenon. Artistic nonconformism, according to the researcher, is also observed in our time, when commercialization, corporate orders, globalization of depiction rise to a threatening "myth" in measuring national style and national self-identification.