The textbook provides information on the history of mammalian development, systematics, field features, biology in the annual cycle, morphology, distribution, behavior, fundamentals of population dynamics, biocenotic relationships and economic significance of Russian animals, including species acclimatized in the country. The textbook was prepared to help university students studying in the direction of training "Biology" specialization "Hunting" and "Bioecology" to study the course "Biology of animals of Russia" in classrooms and as a determinant in the field. It can be useful for practical workers of hunting, environmental organizations and nature lovers.