Tens of millions of diagnostic and preventive radiological examinations are carried out in our country every year, and their number is constantly increasing. More and more advanced devices appear, new methods are being developed that allow using X-rays to more accurately and quickly make a conclusion about the state of health of a patient. The brochure is devoted to a new science - radiology. A fascinating history of the discovery of X-rays is presented, the ever-increasing possibilities of young science are described, and the prospects for its development are told. The brochure is designed for the general reader.