This volume of the Russian Way series Orthodoxy: pro et contra is a revised and significantly supplemented second edition of the book of the same name. As in the first edition, the texts included in the book belong to Orthodox authors: bishops, priests, laity, professors of theological schools and non-professional theologians who worked in the second half of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries. The presentation of modern views on Orthodoxy, including non-Orthodox assessments, is a task to be solved in subsequent editions.