The book is devoted to the history of the military conflict, as a result of which in the fall of 1655 almost the entire territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, together with the capital Vilnius, was occupied by the troops of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Military operations in 1654-1655 were carried out mainly on the territory of the Polotsk, Vitebsk, Minsk, Novogrudok and Brest voivodships. The most important battles of the summer of 1654 and the winter-spring campaign of 1655 played out on the Dnieper and Druts - first near Shklov and Shapyalevichi, and then near Novy Bykhov and Mogilev. The fire of the war also did not spare other important Belarusian cities - Polotsk and Vitebsk, Minsk and Novogrudok, Slutsk and Stary Bykhov.