The monograph is the first generalizing work on the industry of the Urals, which played an extremely important role during the Great Patriotic War in providing the front with military equipment, weapons and ammunition. The book highlights the problems of restructuring industry in a military way, the development of the basic industries of the Ural industry, the increase in the efficiency of industrial production, as well as the labor feat of the Urals, which made up one of the bright pages of the heroic struggle of the Soviet people for the freedom and independence of their homeland.