The manual reveals a neuropsychological approach to the prevention of teaching difficulties, built on the principles of the school of L. S. Vygotsky - A. R. Luria. It contains general grounds for work, specific methods and examples of overcoming different types of learning difficulties due to insufficient formation of various mental functions. Particular attention is paid to the development of children's ability to plan and control their actions, successfully process visual and visuospatial information.