The monograph is dedicated to the activities of the outstanding Russian scribe of the XVII century. Sergius Shelonin. Tonsured by the Solovetsky Monastery, priest Sergiy devoted his life to book studies: for several decades he studied theological, historical, grammatical works in the rich library of his monastery, created his own works glorifying Russian saints and Orthodox traditions. In the 1640s Sergius worked in Moscow under the leadership of Patriarch Joseph and prepared for publication innovative compendiums and compilations from works popular in Ancient Russia. During the life of the scribe, only one of his works was published, in the XVIII century. books edited by him were published by the Old Believers. The monograph examines the composition of the cell library of Sergius, which has survived almost completely, presents the main directions of his activity, due to the policy of the Russian church of the mid-17th century, a number of biographical facts and manuscripts are introduced into scientific circulation. Based on the analysis of the creative heritage of the Solovetsky monk-polymath, the author determines his position in relation to the reforms of Patriarch Nikon. The fundamental activity of Sergius was not further developed in connection with the change in church policy in the 1650s. and the defeat of the Solovetsky uprising (1676), however, it is a vivid example of the highest level of Russian culture in the middle of the 17th century.