The monograph is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of Proletkult as an innovative social and cultural movement in the history of Russian culture. The study defines the concept of "socio-cultural movement" and provides a typology of socio-cultural movements; the theoretical and practical origins of the formation of the Proletkult are revealed; the main emphasis is placed on the analysis of the phenomenon of the working intelligentsia in the pre-revolutionary culture of Russia. The goals and objectives, methods and means, content and form of activity of the Proletkult are considered in the work; revealed the historical dynamics of ideological (ideological, ethical, aesthetic, etc.) principles underlying the activities of the Proletkult; the concepts of proletarian culture were investigated, including the sociocultural theory of the main ideologist of Proletkult A. A. Bogdanov.