The monograph highlights the role of the Brest Peace of 1918 in the socio-political processes that took place on the territory of Belarus. First of all, in the process of national-state self-determination of the Belarusian nation. The reasons for the failure of education on the territory of the Belarusian People's Republic occupied by the Kaiser troops are revealed, the struggle of the masses of Belarus with the Kaiser invaders is covered. The Appendix contains previously unpublished documents of this period from the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Belarus.