In the next book of the large series "Publications of the TsFS" (small series "CONDITIO HUMANA"), we included the well-known study of Benedict Anderson on the spread of nationalism in the modern world. The originality of the author's interpretation of the key concepts of "nation" and "nationalism" lies in a deep socio-anthropological approach to their analysis. At the same time, the author takes into account the socio-political and historical context of the formation of the phenomenon of nationalism.