The work provides an author's analysis of the position of Russia at the turn of the XX - XXI centuries. Historical excursions are made based on the views of Russian philosophers (N. Berdyaev, N. Danilevsky, S. Levitsky, etc.), their provisions are extrapolated to the current state of Russia. The main problems of its development in the economic, political, social, cultural spheres are designated and analyzed. From open sources, numerous facts of the actual situation of various segments of the population are attracted, their analysis is made.