The interest shown by readers to the Mythological Dictionary published in 1959 showed the timeliness of the publication of the book. Given the critical comments of readers and reviews in the periodical, a number of new articles are included in the second edition, and the rest are revised. Information on the history of ancient religions has been expanded and, where possible, the connection of ancient cults with modern religious ideas is shown, which will provide additional material for scientific and atheistic propaganda.