In November 2010, a scientific conference was held at the Institute of the Far East of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the framework of events held in the Russian Federation on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of the end of World War II, dedicated to cooperation between the USSR and China and their contribution to achieving victory in World War II. The conference was attended by researchers and graduate students of Russian and Chinese research institutes and centers, representatives of the governor's office and the government of the Sakhalin region. This collection of materials contains reports and speeches that reveal the role of the Soviet Union and China in achieving victory in World War II, the contribution of the peoples of these two countries to the defeat of German fascism and Japanese militarism justifies the need to combat attempts to falsify the history of this - one of the most dramatic - events of the XX century.