Collection of articles and theses prepared on the basis of revised materials of the international conference "Re-reading Machiavelli: at the origins of modern science. Ideas and political practice through centuries and countries," held on September 24-25, 2012 at the Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian State Humanitarian University. Russian and foreign researchers of Machiavelli's work discussed its relevance and role in the history of science, the fate of the treatise "Sovereign," its perception by contemporaries and descendants, the phenomena of "Machiavellianism" and antimakiavellianism.