The collection includes articles and chapters from books of the largest modern philologists, philosophers and logicians (E. Cassirer, X. Ortega y Gasset, A. Richards, J. Serl, R. Jacobson, M. Black, J. Miller, A. Wierzbicka and others), containing an analysis of metaphorical Anation of the word in everyday speech, in the language of science and fiction. Having considered the phenomenon of metaphor in logical-philosophical, linguistic, cognitive and stylistic aspects. The book gives the basic theoretical concepts of metaphor.