The book provides the basis of ethnographic knowledge about the Belarusian people (ethnic group) and its ancient culture. The first part acquaints the reader with the basic concepts in ethnography, the peculiarities of ethnogenesis and ethnic processes in Belarus, with its geopolitical position and ethnic territory, as well as with interethnic ties and relations with neighbors (Russians, Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians) and other people (Jews, Tatars, Gypsies) that have long lived in Belarus. The historical and cultural heritage of different regions-regions are distinguished by rich colors and appear before us as a living tree, an eternally pulsating source of folk art and spiritual energy. Special attention is paid to the Belarusian abroad.