The first fundamental scientific study on the use of anti-Semitism as one of the tools for the implementation of the totalitarian Stalinist regime. It is based on a documentary basis with the involvement of previously classified materials from the archives of the highest bodies of the CPSU and the Soviet state. Two closely related processes can be traced: the concentration of absolute power in the hands of Stalin and his purposeful practical actions that turned into judophobia, the intensified desire to write off real political problems as the machinations of "Jewish nationalists." The study contains reasonable conclusions about the need to overcome anti-Semitism as a form of national intolerance in order to further ethno-political integration of the peoples of Russia.