Raimondo Cubeddu, Professor of Political Philosophy at the University of Pisa, dedicated his book to the influence that the intellectual revolution of the late XIX century. had on all social sciences and primarily on political philosophy and economic theory. It was then that the founder of the Austrian School of Economics, K. Menger, laid the foundations for a subjectivist approach to the theory of value and at the same time the evolutionary theory of social institutions. Two great followers and compatriots of Menger L. von Mises and F. Hayek, being not only economists, but also social scientists in the fullest sense of the word, creatively developed Menger's ideas, developing a complete socio-political theory. The book analyzes the methodological and theoretical foundations of the Menger-Mises-Hayek approach to the social sciences. The author outlined the results of an analysis of the most important political problems of the 20th century: socialism and totalitarianism, democracy and state interference in society. A separate chapter is devoted to the philosophical foundations of liberalism.