The textbook is written taking into account the modern scientific approach to the study of the history of Russia and the latest research in historical science. The issues of socio-economic and state-political development of the country are disclosed, the main problems of national history are highlighted, the author's concept of their study and resolution is developed. The material is presented in a vivid, expressive literary language, taking into account chronology and scientific interpretation, which largely explains its accessibility to a wide range of readers. The textbook complies with the state educational standards of higher professional education of the Russian Federation. For applicants, students, teachers, as well as everyone interested in Russian history.