This textbook sets out the basics of mineral nutrition of higher plants. Modern ideas about the functions of macro- and microelements in plants are given. Physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the uptake and transport of plant mineral nutrition elements are illuminated. The characteristics of the main forms of mineral nutrition elements in the soil, as well as soil factors affecting the availability of these elements to plants are presented. The features of plant growth in conditions causing mineral stress are characterized: a shortage of nutrients, an excess of macronutrients and heavy metals, salinization, and mechanisms (specific and non-specific) of plant adaptation to these unfavorable conditions. Various interactions of plants with soil organisms (bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, invertebrate animals) and the role of these organisms in the mineral nutrition of plants are analyzed. Ways to increase the productivity of cultivated plants and the quality of crop products using mineral fertilizers and biotechnology are described.