A textbook focused on the study of the physiology of higher nervous activity in universities and faculties that train psychologists and teachers of various specializations, reveals the connections of physiological phenomena and knowledge with psychological and pedagogical, as well as their use in the practice of psychologists and teachers. It contains many illustrations that help to assimilate the complex content of the highest nervous activity of a person. The second section outlines the concepts of knowledge that characterize physiological psychology and physiological pedagogy.