The book examines the history of Western conspiracy theories, analyzes approaches to its study and understanding, studies the history of conspiracy theories in Russia and gives an overview of its various modern manifestations. The conspiracy theories of right and left circles, in the religious environment, in the media, in the scientific world, in power structures, in the field of mass culture are studied. The hybrid eclectic nature of conspiracy theory is shown, combining geopolitics, Christian eschatology and esotericism with Soviet heritage in various combinations. But the core of this construction is the Orthodox apocalyptic ideas about recent times and the role of the holder, in which Russia acts.