During the years of Soviet power in the USSR, a modern aviation industry was created, aviation science flourished, hundreds of thousands of wonderful pilots were trained. Even before the Great Patriotic War, Soviet aircraft designers, engineers, workers, hero pilots brought our aviation to one of the first places in the world. The Great Patriotic War confirmed the maturity of our aviation science and technology, the high level of the Soviet aviation industry, the combat power of the USSR Air Force. The post-war years were marked by a new rapid growth in our aviation. Military aviation has become jet, missile-carrying, all-weather, supersonic. There were aircraft with variable wing sweep in flight, aircraft with a controlled boundary layer, with additional lifting engines, vertical take-off and landing aircraft. Quite complete, an exposition of the history of the development of aviation science and technology in the USSR in the period 1918-1970. The publication is illustrated with photographs.