The book analyzes the results of many years of nationwide sociological research characterizing the attitude of Russians in general and their various social groups to the results of twenty-five-year post-Soviet transformations. At the same time, the acquisitions and losses of the country's population over the years of reforms are highlighted, the objective and subjective well-being and disadvantage of Russian citizens, the dynamics of their ideological and political preferences are considered. Special attention is paid to the socio-cultural changes that have occurred over the years of reforms, the formation of Russian identity and the role of religion and religious organizations in society. An analysis of the daily life of Russians living in megacities and provinces, the life of rural residents is given. The impact of the country's historical past on mass assessments of Russian transformations is being considered.