The book is devoted to the history of ancient Greek philosophy: ancient philosophy is considered in connection with the emergence and development of scientific knowledge - mathematics, cosmology, physics. Outlining the teachings of ancient Greek philosophers, the author set himself the task of showing what questions worried them and how philosophical constructions arose from the desire to solve these questions, and new problems and new teachings were born from dissatisfaction with the initial answers. To reveal the truly universal significance of those questions to which the ancient philosophers were looking for an answer, as well as to understand the meaning of the answers they found, a meaning that often turns out to be hidden from the modern reader in the originality of the philosophical language in which the Greek sages spoke - this task was primarily set by the author of the book.