The monograph summarizes the research project "The influence of factors of the personal organization of the life path on the individual life expectancy in the Russian Federation in the XX-XXI centuries." The results of psychogenetic studies performed by the twin method are given. Socio-psychological and personal factors affecting the duration of the life path are highlighted, such as features of biography, professional and personal development, family and social relations, the presence or absence of bad habits, lifestyle features, all kinds of hobbies, etc. Factors that increase absolute life expectancy and factors that reduce the risk of premature death, taking into account gender differences. The book is intended for psychological researchers, practitioners and students, as well as representatives of related professions.