The history of application, research and use in world medical practice of the most important food plants is described. In a popular form, the biochemical composition is characterized, which determines the healing power and the use of about 200 species of plants in rational nutrition, medicine, cosmetics and dietetics. Recommendations are given on the use of plant-based diets for the treatment and prevention of certain diseases, as well as the most common recipes for preparing dietary plant-based dishes and soft drinks.