The monograph considers spatiotemporal changes in anomalies of the temperature of the globe and their relationship with natural (volcanic aerosol, solar and geomagnetic activity, gravitational impact of large planets of the solar system - Jupiter and Saturn) and anthropogenic factors, as well as the general circulation of the atmosphere. The presence of a 22-year cycle of solar activity in the change in the values ​ ​ of linear trends of temperature anomalies in different regions and on a global scale is shown. Mechanisms of its manifestation in the Earth's atmosphere are considered.