The basic principles of the process equipment operation system aimed at maintaining its operable state and maintaining the efficiency of its use are considered. Attention is drawn to the explanation of the theoretical prerequisites for the use of individual operational measures, as well as to specific recommendations and methods for carrying out these measures. The issues of equipment commissioning, maintenance and organization of measures for maintenance and repair of equipment diagnostics, application of various maintenance and repair strategies, including TPM, application of digital technologies to equipment operation are analyzed.