The monograph is one of the first comprehensive studies of the history of the regions of the Asian part of Russia over 400 years of their development as part of the Russian state. Significant attention is paid to the disclosure of the multifactorial influence of the eastern regions on the processes of geopolitical self-determination of Russia, the formation of its cultural and civilizational appearance. Mechanisms for the formation of the regional structure of Asian Russia, its contribution to the economic, socio-political and cultural progress of the country have been identified.