Based on our own data obtained in electrophysiological experiments on birds and mammals, as well as in psychophysiological experiments on humans, the author considers the basic aspects of hearing physiology: the characteristics of neuronal responses to sound signals in the peripheral and central parts of the auditory system and cerebellum; issues of spatial hearing - both at the neuronal level and in psychophysiological experiments on humans, as well as the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the observed phenomena.