The second volume of the Academic History of Ugra is dedicated to the period from the end of the 11th to the end of the 16th century. and serves as a kind of bridge from buried archaeological cultures to living ethnographic cultures and written history. Its countdown begins from the date of the first mention of Ugra in the annals of the eastern campaign of Novgorodians in 1092, and ends with the eve of the Siberian expedition of ataman Yermak in 1582. The five centuries of the history of Ugra are not only transit between eras, but also an independent era when communities of Ugra and Samoyans were formed, now known as the indigenous peoples of the region. In essence, this period was actually the "history of Ugra" - the Ural-Siberian country, for the influence of which there was a geopolitical struggle between Veliky Novgorod and Veliky Bulgar, the Horde and Moscow, Christian and Islamic missionaries.