The publication offered to the attention of readers is devoted to the prehistoric era of the development of Kazakhstan and covers the period from the appearance of the first hominids to the 7th century BC. e. In the course of work on the book, the team of authors relied on the rich heritage of the works of their predecessors. The author's team of the publication considers the ancient history of Kazakhstan as an organic part of world history, reveals the place and role of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan in the civilization process. The work highlights the main stages of human formation in the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Eneolithic eras. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the development of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age.